ROYAL: Genuine, vegetable tanned sheepskin, natural, active carbon filter prevents odor, slightly padded with latex foam. Royal is the perfect, breathable liner for your shoes. Highly absorbent: Neutralizes perspiration. Royal is durable because it is made of leather. 1/2 sizes buy next higher whole size. The Pedag Brand: Pedag is a Euro Comfort brand of footcare. Pedag merges 3 elements: Nature, Science and Technology to produce products that are good for the modern foot. Nature is found in Pedag's use of high quality natural materials such as vegetable tanned leather, pure cotton, wool, sisal, water based adhesives and active carbon and silver ions for odor control. Science is found in Pedag's use of supportive, anatomically correct footbeds and inserts that support the arches, muscles and ligaments of the foot. Supporting the foot adequately provides a base from which to support the ankles, hips and spine. Pedag orthotics stress Support rather than simple Cushioning. You will find Pedag orthotics that address: Heel pain, fallen arches, spreading feet, plantar fasciitis, heel spurs, Pronation and Supination, different leg lengths, Achilles Tendonitis and many other foot problems. Pedag is different. Even our flat, non-orthotic insoles are different because they too combine Nature, Science and Technology. Pedag insoles (orthotic or plain) allow the foot to breathe inside the shoe, keeping feet and shoes fresh. Did you know the foot produces a shot glass of perspiration daily. Insoles that absorb moisture, breathe and prevent odor are necessary for healthy feet. Technology is found in Pedag's modern manufacturing facilities in Germany (even though much of the production of our insoles is still done by hand), stringent quality controls and introduction of cutting edge technologies such as nano ions of silver for permanent odor prevention in several of our insoles and an innovative new material to insulate against cold.